Sunday, September 25, 2016

On Looking Out at the Forest from Your Tree...



 Myth  --Bree Roark

     When I was younger, sleep was more of a friend than an acquaintance.  He and I would spend happy hours together enjoying each other's company.  We lightheartedly ignored the morning sun's growing impatient requests for attention in favor of drowsy check-ins with the late morning's stern disapproval.  We laughed and ran, instead, through the flowering fields of Southern France and dove beneath the turquoise and sapphire swirled water of Cadaquez, exploring underwater caves and marveling at the beauty of the deep.  We shared milky pearls with mermaids and snuck onto pirate ships where we danced and drank and walked the plank.  We had such good times together... Now, however, I am lucky to see him for a few hours here and there.  He seems to always have a good excuse tucked into his pocket, and must leave me alone in darkness before the first rays of sunshine have had a chance to knock at my window.
     And so, yesterday, like so many Saturdays, I was awake well before even the cats had a chance to come and demand my attention.  No light penetrated the windows.  My family was still snuggled under the covers, dancing with the very sleep that excused himself from my presence.  In fact, I found that sleep had lied outright to me.  He hung over the house, playing with the cats, chasing the dogs, holding my family close.  I was not happy.
     It is impolite to wake up the whole house with the jealous noise of activity, so I did what I always do---I turned on the computer and turned to the company of my ancestors.  Lately, I have been caught between the tug and pull of several old souls that are competing for me to paint them into the light of the living once again.  I have been obliged to wash the canvas and begin painting the background quite a few times when I find that I must stop to research one small point that leads me down the rabbit hole of discovering entire new branches of information.  Consequently, I now had canvas after canvas propped up around the house, calling out to me to hurry up and paint, for heaven's sake.
    On this occasion, as I sat before the computer, all things began with my great-grandmother, Laura Wildie Roane Dominick.  I had already begun the process of writing my next post, but as seems to be the case in many of my searches as of late, I was looking for an elusive online copy of a marriage certificate.  I knew there was a marriage announcement in a 1916 newspaper, so I had been searching newspaper archives with no luck.  I had seen it at one point when I was younger---it included a beautiful photo of her in her gauzy veil that I could still vividly picture, and was determined to find it.   I searched for a bit, and when I started to feel a bit frustrated, switched over to Facebook.  A friend had posted a music video that I thought would be a perfect touch to add to a post on my fifth great-grandfather, Archibald.  I played with the lyrics for a bit and thought about how I would intersperse them among the information about his life.  Musing for a time over how to incorporate these facts, I switched over to My Heritage and began to roam through the family tree's branches that touched Archibald's life.  And then, the rabbit hole opened up and swallowed me whole.
    I did, however, have an exciting and interesting ride yesterday morning that took me from old Nashville, Tennessee through the sugar plantations of Texas and back to the roaring twenties of Birmingham, Alabama.  I have to thank sleep for eluding my desire to spend time together, because otherwise when my family woke up I would not have been able to greet them with "You are never going to guess what I found..."  I love to greet their sleepy morning faces this way.  They always stop, laugh, and looks at me like "What now?"
     The path I began with yesterday morning begins with my Great-Grandmother Dominick in the lower right-hand corner of this snapshot of the family tree:


      Laura's father, Simeon Moses Roane, was the grandson of my fifth great-grandfather, Archibald Roane.  Yesterday morning, I was also trying to locate the former home of Archibald's son,  Dr. James Roane in Nashville, TN.  It is here with her son that my fifth great-grandmother, Anne Campbell Roane lived and died after the death of her husband.  James was well-known in Nashville, as he was one of the original settlers in the area.  His father, Archibald, was the second governor of Tennessee, so besides being the area's first physician, James also received the notoriety from Archibald that created a historical footprint.  In searching for his home, I also noted James's family information in the tree.  His wife, Anne Contesse Irby Roane, I soon discovered, was first cousins with President John Tyler.  I was a bit surprised, as I knew that there was a big hullabaloo about a family legend that we were related somehow to President Jackson, but nobody had ever mentioned President Tyler.  I was appreciative of his relationship to us, but not as excited as I feel I should have been.  There were many political connections in the Roane tree, which I chalk up to the social circles that Archibald moved in.  It makes sense that these men and their children socialized with people that had common interests and professions.  This also increased each family's political weight within the government and local communities---a definite plus for their campaigns. As a result, the socializing created waves of marriages between politically connected families, and a love of the law and politics ensued through the generations of my family.
       As I researched Anne Contesse Irby Roane's family, I found that she was buried with her daughters in Houston, Texas.  I knew that James Roane had passed away from exposure the Cholera epidemic that he was working to treat in Nashville, so I figured that she must have followed one of her children to Texas.  Sure enough, her daughter, Christiana, had moved to Texas with her husband, and she must have followed.  The Texas connection intrigued me.  When I visited my sister in Texas this past summer, we dropped in at the Bullock Texas State History Museum, and learned quite a bit about the colonization and Civil War period, so I was curious about what this part of the family experienced when they moved to Texas.  I began to research, and discovered that Christiana's sister, Laura, and her brother, Archibald all moved to Texas as well.  They lived through the Civil War in Texas, and had an exciting and at times sad story to tell. Their story involves a Texas Senator, sugar plantations, murder, affairs, intrigue, and ultimately the destruction of their livelihood. However, I am going to put their story off to a future post.  (This is hard to do because they are practically screaming at me from their canvas to paint their stories, but they will have to simmer for a while.  I have bigger fish to fry today.)
    When you have a connection to a president in your family, no matter if it is in the surrounding forest or your own tree, you document it.  So...I spent some time on Anne's family tree.  Her parents were John Irby and Mary Tyler.  Mary Tyler's parents were John Chiles Tyler and Anne Contesse.  Finally, I knew where her unusual middle name originated---it was her mother's maiden name.  (This is a common practice in families with Western European backgrounds, and can be helpful in giving leads when you are researching families.)  Mary's brother was no less than President John Tyler, which was pretty interesting, but I had other details I wanted to research.  I added him to the tree and focused my attention on Anne Contesse Irby Roane's sister, Frances.   Why did her sister matter more to me than spending more time on President Tyler?  To be honest, I had a difficult time finding Anne Contesse Irby Roane's relationship to her parents because many people were only including Frances on their online family trees.  There were other children in the family besides Frances, but in so many of the trees I searched, they only named her.  It seemed odd to me, and intuitively, I decided she must be important.  Looking back, I now understand why Frances's lineage was important enough to people that they focused only on her in their trees.
     Frances, it turned out married a man named George Washington Morgan.  Their child, John Tyler Morgan was a US Senator prior to and following the Civil War.  During the Civil War, he enlisted as a private in the Alabama Infantry and was promoted to lieutenant colonel.  He later resigned and organized a regiment of rangers which he led as colonel, and was later promoted to brigadier general. His re-election and subsequent confirmation to the Senate, despite a Northern senator's outspoken opposition to a former Confederate officer serving, was astounding. I must editorialize for a moment on his life, as I discovered that he was a strong advocate of white supremacy, which makes my stomach turn.  He led serious discussions to deport African Americans and was a strong proponent of Jim Crow laws.  I am saddened that this was how he chose to use his time as a state senator and that his legacy is tainted by hatred. I wish that I could reach back through time and change whatever there was in him that caused this hatred.  I feel as though it is through his work that many lives were shattered in Alabama, and I find it beyond tragic. The good, the bad and the ugly of my family tree.  There it is...  Thankfully, I did not stop with John Tyler Morgan and continued to research the family tree because I felt that there was more to the story, and I was right.  John Tyler Morgan had a daughter named Musidora whose family hid the gem that left me breathless...
     Let me take a moment to give some background on why Musidora's family story is important to me.  You can say that I have always been fascinated with literature.  I have written stories, poems and character sketches for as long as I could gather a few words together in a sentence.  Literature and the creative process have been riding with me either as a book in my hand or a dream in my heart all of my life. As a student in the English department at Appalachian State University, I participated in a study abroad venture that changed my life.  Two of my English professors lead a trip that followed the path of expatriate writers F. Scott Fitzgerald and  Ernest Hemingway, among others.  Fitzgerald's The Great Gatsby was a favorite novel of mine.  There was something about his descriptions and phrasing that always left me wanting more.  I was not only fascinated with his writing style but also with the Fitzgeralds' tumultuous relationships with each other and the world around them. During the trip,  I consumed Hemingway's A Moveable Feast, which was Hemingway's candid and often brutal portrayal of his fellow expatriates.  He often spoke about the Fitzgeralds and his distaste for Zelda, whom he believed was destroying Fitzgerald.  I have since read other accounts of the Fitzgeralds and can say that I feel sad for both of them.  Theirs was another whirlwind romance that, when paired with the time's restrictive atmosphere for women and the twin demons of alcoholism and bipolar illness, destroyed the two people it loved the most.  Our trip was the stuff of dreams---I enjoyed frequenting the cafes where these men and women sipped café au lait as they sketched out their masterpieces.  I walked the streets that they walked, and gazed at sights that their eyes also found splendid.   My first husband proposed to me on this trip, and later on our honeymoon, we would find the house that F. Scott and Zelda rented in Alabama and sit beneath its roof---a museum dedicated to their memory.  F. Scott and Zelda's romance was intertwined with mine---filled with moments of sunshine, threatening skies, stormy winds and destruction.
     But, how does this relate to Musidora and our genealogy adventure?  I am getting to that... Musidora's family tree shocked me and left me stunned for a more than a few moments yesterday morning.  I double-checked my sources against other sources and was confronted with a true gem hidden in the forest---not in my tree---but the trees that surrounded it, lending shade and protecting it with their branches.  This is what I saw:


      Musidora's granddaughter was the tortured yet creative writer and painter, Zelda Fitzgerald.  Her husband had written my favorite novel, and had, according to her, stolen quotes from her diary to give life to his female characters.  When I sat in her former Alabama home twenty-three years ago and chatted with the museum's owner, when I stayed at the Grove Park Inn in Asheville and noted the views that F. Scott Fitzgerald surveyed as he battled his addiction to alcohol, as I sat at Le Sélect in Paris and imagined what it must have been like on the eve of WWII, I was not only thinking of literary greats, I was communing with family.  Storytelling, a love of literature, and a fondness for wordplay not only run through the branches, leaves and roots of my tree but also in the forest that surrounds it.  You can say a lot about the South's history that is unflattering, violent and at times true, but there is one truth that shines like a beacon through the darkness. We know how to live and tell one hell of a story.

Lessons Learned
Research the ordinary-seeming people you find in your tree.  You may have never heard their names before the moment you first pull them up. There may not be any information attached to the record you find about them from another genealogist's shared family tree.  However, just like the quiet boy or girl in high school whose behavior, appearance or speech didn't scream "Hey!  Look at me," but somehow wound up performing a heroic feat like successfully landing a plane whose power had failed or becoming a leading advocate of civil rights in their community, these ancestors will enrich your life.

 
Zelda Sayre Fitzgerald

Happy Hunting,
Catherine
         




Saturday, September 3, 2016

Pinterest Surprises and A Wartime Romance

   

     A sharp, aching pain was running behind my right shoulder blade, and I was frustrated.  I had remained hunched over my keyboard for hours, determined to find a copy of my Grandmother and Grandfather Poynter's marriage certificate.  I knew that they had eloped during WWII, but apparently they had left the state to do so.  It was getting late at night; I was in pain, and I was irritated.  It is not an enjoyable experience when you hit a road block, but in my experience, stepping away from your research for a while, you will approach the subject with a fresh perspective and be more successful later. So, I decided to go to bed. Grudgingly, I unplugged the laptop and lugged it upstairs to the bedroom. Mike was out of town, and I wanted to browse Facebook and Pinterest for a while before falling asleep.  I scrolled through pictures of dessert recipes, Joanna Gaines inspired decorating tips, and French cafes, but my tired mind could not let go of my grandparents.  I went to the search field and typed in "marriage records."  A slew of sites popped up, and I set to pinning them for later when my mind was fresh.  I rolled over on my side, laptop beside me, and went to the search field one last time.  The keys clicked sharply as I sarcastically typed "Marcia and Robert Poynter" in the box.  The page slowly buffered as my heavy eyelids closed for a minute's rest.  My eyes opened to a sight that caused me to wonder if I was still asleep.  My grandparents smiled sweetly at me from their engagement photo as if to say,  "Here we are!  Keep trying!"

     I sat upright and stared at the screen.  Really?  Of all places, I found them on Pinterest?  I read the description of the pin and smiled.  Yes, theirs was a romantic beginning, and I was happy that their story had put a smile on a stranger's face. I still didn't have their marriage record, but I had a renewed belief that I would be successful in my search.
      Eventually, I did find their marriage record.  I remembered that there was a newspaper article in the Macon Telegraph about their war time romance, so I went to Archives.com and luckily found the article. Within the article, I discovered that they eloped to Arkansas, and from there I found their marriage record online.  Even though the Pinterest pin did not directly lead me to the information I was looking for, it taught me a valuable lesson: you can find information on your ancestors in places that you would never have imagined was possible.  That social media site that you think would be a waste of time to try?  Give it a go.  You never know what you will find. 
     If you have a moment, I would like to briefly tell you the romantic story that inspired a stranger to pin their photo on Pinterest.   

Marcia and Bob's Wartime Romance

     World War II was well-underway, and my grandmother was one of the many young American women working in nontraditional jobs to support the war effort.  Marcia Everett donned an olive drab uniform and moved to Jacksonville, Florida where she logged her days at the Jacksonville Naval Station Air Force Base, proudly serving her country.  By all accounts, she seemed to enjoy her freedom and her life despite the war.  She had survived the Great Depression as a young woman, and had developed the determination and iron will that her generation was well known for.  Her parents lived nearby, and she had plenty of friends and cousins to keep her entertained.  Marcia spoke her mind and lived the life that she saw fit to follow. Who knows if romance was even on her mind when a squadron of British Royal Air Force Cadets arrived on base for training?  But one thing is for sure--- a handsome cadet from England named Bob Poynter stole her heart.  It could have been his British accent, his amber eyes or his easy smile that caught her off-guard.  Or maybe it was a wicked wit and a confident spirit...I will never know how he was able to carry such an independent woman off in a wild storm of emotions and blow her away, but blow her away he did.
Marcia Aileen Everett
     Marcia and Bob spent every moment possible in each other's arms, taking nothing for granted in their rapidly changing world.  Sadly, the war had its own plans for them that did not include staying in Florida, caught up in the breathtaking winds of a new romance. Marcia was suddenly transferred to a base in Memphis, Tennessee.  At the same time, Bob was involved in an accident at sea in which his plane was forced to land on water. He volunteered to climb out onto the wing of the plane to work on the problem.  However, he was thrown in the water, and was pulled under.  He struggled in the water for forty-five minutes---  a time period long enough to seriously damage his lungs.  He was in the hospital for sometime, and upon recovering, received a furlough. I am sure that he was feeling his own mortality and the desire to live his life without regrets as he drove to Tennessee to visit Marcia. I wonder how long he thought about proposing to her.  Did he consider that one of them would have to leave their home country and start fresh in a new culture?  Or did he jump in, heart first, and hold fast to the strong feelings that stormed around him despite warnings to slow down?  I am not sure how he proposed, but he did, and Marcia decided to jump into the future alongside of him.  
     I can only imagine how their hearts must have hurt as they were faced with the news that they had to have known was inevitable. Bob was ordered to ship off to Canada for further training and then return to England to fight the Nazi's.   Excited for a new future together, Marcia and Bob eloped to Arkansas where the marriage laws allowed for a quicker marriage than in Florida or Georgia where Marcia had grown up.  It is at this point that Marcia made a courageous decision, one that had her hometown of Macon, Georgia abuzz with excitement.  She decided that she would travel to England where Bob was fighting and join the British Women's Auxiliary Air Force to drive an ambulance.  I wonder if there were arguments over her decision to join him in England---after all, she was removing herself from the relative safety of the States for war-torn Britain where bombs were steadily falling.  Was she thinking clearly about her decision, or did this hurricane have her so swept away that all she wanted was to be near him, helping him in whatever way she could?  All of Macon, Georgia (where her parents lived) was electrified with the news.  The story had all of the hallmarks of a great romance, and Marcia was a bit of a celebrity for a while.  
     I have a copy of the newspaper article from the Macon Telegraph in which her mother was interviewed after Marcia had left for England.  It is a full page article, and discusses her romance with Robert, the decision to join him in England, her mother's unconditional love for Marcia, and yes, even Marcia's love of cats.  I am delighted that I have this article.  It is clear how much Great Grandmother Everett adored and doted on her only child---the reporter even mentions the wall in her house dedicated to picture after picture of my grandmother and the embarrassed protests that she made against this virtual shrine.  It seems like a scene from any modern family's home, and thanks to the article, I have insight into my great grandmother's personality even though I never met her.
     I have no stories of what life was like for them during the war while they lived in England, but I do know that eventually Bob was sent to officer's training school and Marcia was allowed to resign from the WAAF to be near him.  They survived the war and after a time moved back to the States, probably so that Marcia could be near her family.   
     In the years following the war, the winds that caught them up swirled out of control, and as with any hurricane, the result was destruction.  However, what a beginning they had, and the result of their romance, no matter how sad on one level, ended with my uncles who I love with all my heart,  a dear half-aunt, half-cousins, and my father who gave me life.  So Marcia and Bob, here is to taking a chance on your great adventure that is warming people's hearts even today.

Happy Hunting,
Catherine

Grandfather Poynter, My Dad And Uncles

Sunday, August 14, 2016

Stuffed Shells and The Bloody Tyrant of Washington County






     The house was empty, except for me.  Finished with research for the day, I decided to surprise the kids with one of their favorite dinners (stuffed shells).  A quietness had settled over the house in their absence; they were out forging paths into starry futures while I was sweeping the cobwebs from ancient ancestral paths hidden by time.  The kids were all bustle and full steam ahead with the excitement and thrill of what lay just beyond the next turn while I gazed into the past and wondered how I came to be.  The thought amused me as I rummaged through the pantry, but still there was the quietness resting heavily around me.  I walked over to the small television resting on the counter top and turned it on.  Flipping through the channels, a panoramic view of lush summer forests covering the tops of the Appalachian mountains caught my eye.  It was a PBS documentary on the Appalachians, and the host's familiar accent was warm and inviting.  It would make good company while I cooked, I decided-- a piece of home.
     A banjo's staccato notes filled the room as the speaker's melodic voice drifted over my foray into the fridge for Romano, Parmesan, ricotta, parsley, basil and egg. "It was the first American frontier.  It is a landscape, a culture, a frame of mind..." The voice drifted to the background as I filled a large pot with water and set it to boil on the gas stove. My mind more on cooking dinner than the television, only the occasional word registered with me.  "...religious freedom...." "they carved out an existence..." I quickly chopped the parsley and then the basil, scraping it to the side for later. Soon, Romano cheese was gliding over the ragged points of the cheese grater.  "For decades Indians and traders lived in relative harmony."  "...solemn people..." "...a love of freedom rooted in their heart's core..." Steam rose as the water bubbled in its pot. Shells slid into the salted water, and I set the timer for half the normal cooking time.  "...but the group that would become the most prominent in the mountains started their journey off the rugged coast of Northern Ireland."  My head nodded. "Knew that," I thought.  I listened just a bit more carefully as the speaker discussed King James battling rebellious Scots in the lowlands who he ultimately offered land in Ulster, Ireland.  "Yep," I agreed.  I had read about this immigration pattern when researching some of my mother's family in Ireland and Scotland.  A century later, facing religious persecution, they immigrated to America. An egg cracked over the cheese, and my spoon swirled the contents together. Soon, fiddle music filled the air, as the announcer discussed the influence of the Scotch Irish on the Appalachian community.  I drained the steamy pasta in a colander, tapped out the excess water, and poured the noodles into a bowl.  The host referenced continuous fighting between the Indians and the settlers in Appalachia.    "It was said a man could live from boyhood to old age and never know a time of peace..."
      I stopped stuffing a generous portion of the cheese and herb mixture into a shell and thought of the anxiety of living in such a time and place for both the settlers and the Native Americans.  During the Revolutionary War, the Cherokee fought with the British, the voice explained, because the British Crown had prohibited westward expansion into their lands.  They viewed the British as champions of their rights in the land war.  Professor John Williams from Appalachian State further explained that the British searched through the mountains for Loyalists whom they believed would rise up once they invaded the mountains.  However, this uprising never happened.  I continued to stuff shells as my dog, Bogey, padded over and sat at my feet, hoping for some scraps.  "The most famous back country fighters were the Over Mountain Men of Tennessee who defeated the stalwart Colonel Ferguson at the Battle of Kings Mountain."  I paused, and stared at the t.v.  During a search for the correct birth date of my sixth great grandmother, I came across a cousin named William Campbell who led a group of fighters against the British at Kings Mountain.  I had not researched his story even though I thought it was interesting, as I was more concerned with my sixth great grandmother’s birth date.  The program now had my complete attention.  According to the show, the Over Mountain Men fought Indian style, tree to tree, with over 200 British fatalities.
       "George Washington," the host calmly narrated, "said that if he ever had to make a last stand, he would want to stand with the Over Mountain Boys."  I have to admit, at that moment, I felt proud of my cousin.  I realized that I was no longer stuffing shells, and looked down at Bogey, who gave me a disheartened eyebrow raise and a short “humph.” The subject switched to the Cherokee, whose interests were abandoned by the British at the Treaty of Paris.  “So sad,” I thought, and the pride I felt faded slightly.  Turning back to the shells, I continued stuffing them and thought of my cousin.  It was time to pay a bit more attention to his story and not hold him on the back burner any longer...

 General William Campbell "The Bloody Tyrant of Washington County"

      Here is what I learned about Brigadier General William Campbell, my second cousin, five times removed:
     Born in Augusta County, Virginia in 1745, he was well-educated and attended Augusta Academy.  Standing over six feet tall, muscular and redheaded, he "resembled a Scottish clan leader straight from a Sir Walter Scott novel, even carrying his Scottish grandfather’s broadsword..."1   He had a hot temper, but was generally solemn and dignified.2  Involved in civic life, he served the British Governor of Virginia as a justice in local courts and as a militia captain in Lord Dunmore's War.  However, in 1774, displeased with the British government, he was one of thirteen signers of the Fincastle Resolutions, which predated the Declaration of Independence by eighteen months, and pledged his life to ending British tyranny.  A year later, he received a commission as a captain in the First Virginia Continental Regiment and fought under Patrick Henry at Williamsburg.  The two men became fast friends, and William eventually married Patrick's sister, Elizabeth in 1776.3  (I had to do a double-take when I read this information.  Patrick Henry?!  Really!)

     The PBS documentary "The Appalachians" brought home to me how fiercely independent the families were who lived over the mountains.  They had little support for their homesteads because they had settled in Indian Territory, which was beyond the control of the Crown.  Much of their time and energy was consumed with protecting their homes against the Cherokee instead of fighting the British.   It made sense to me that after marrying Elizabeth Henry, William requested to be released from his Continental service to protect his home in Virginia.  He was granted a leave of absence, and returned to his home (Aspenvale).  While there, he served in the House of Delegates for Hanover County until Governor Thomas Jefferson gave him orders to lead an expedition against "enemy Indians" and then amended the orders to lend support to Colonel William Preston against a Tory insurrection.4
     Campbell alternated in this same manner between civic and military duty until Cornwallis invaded North Carolina, and left Major Patrick Ferguson leading a unit of American born volunteers and Tories to guard his left flank. Ferguson was a bit cocky and soon made an error in judgement that led to his downfall. Remember that William Campbell had a temper?  Apparently, so did the commanders of the local militias--- Isaac Shelby, John Sevier, Joseph Cleveland and Charles McDowell.   Feeling superior to these "barbarians," Ferguson sent a messenger to the "Backwater," to intimidate the local men into signing agreements declaring their loyalty to the British Crown.  He threatened "that if they did not desist from their opposition to the British arms, and take protection under his standard, he would march his army over the mountains, hang their leaders, and lay their country waste with fire and sword." 5This was a tactical error.  You see, these men may not have been as concerned about the new developing country as they were protecting their families.  Threaten their homes and they would give every ounce of their energy to ending your menace.  These men decided, without requisition from the American government, to fight Ferguson.  That's right.  This rag tag group of mountaineers decided that it was time to go take care of business on their own, and that is exactly what they did.  Shelby and Sevier sent word to William Campbell, who gathered his men, borrowed additional fighters from his cousin, Arthur Campbell, and joined up with the leaders of the other militia to comprise the group known as the Over Mountain Men.6 Eventually, the men voted William Campbell as the overall commander of the militias, and they set out to engage with Ferguson's men.  Along the way, they learned that Ferguson was camped at Kings Mountain, and it was noted that Shelby in particular was DELIGHTED to hear that Ferguson had declared "that he was King of that mountain and that God Almighty and all the Rebels of Hell could not drive him from it." 7 I imagine that Shelby must have laughed when he heard of Ferguson's boast.  He had spent some time there, and knew that the terrain was almost impossible to defend.8 An eyewitness account from the Battle of Kings Mountain states that William rode to the front of the men and, giving the order to charge, shouted: "Here they are, my brave boys; Shout like hell and fight like devils!"  9 The rebels, dressed in frontier clothing and having discarded their hats for bandanas, were not dressed in traditional battle attire.  Even Campbell had thrown off his coat and led the charge in his shirtsleeves.  They must have looked wild to the British as they commenced fighting Indian style-- popping out from behind trees and shouting as they fired each shot.  British Captain de Peyster, feeling dread upon hearing their shouts, commented as the charge commenced that “These things are ominous; these are the d—d yelling boys!”  Accounts state that even Ferguson became worried when he heard their clamor, which is telling, considering his dismissive attitude prior to the battle.10
      Without addressing the particulars of the famous Battle of Kings Mountain, I will say that the end result of the battle was that the men Ferguson condescendingly labelled as the "dregs of mankind" and "barbarians" thoroughly destroyed him.  Sixty five minutes after the battle began, Major Patrick Ferguson was dead, and the British had surrendered. 11   This battle was the beginning of the end for Britain's war with the Colonies.  Thomas Jefferson, in a letter to John Campbell recalling the service of William Campbell at the Battle of Kings Mountain, stated that the battle was “the joyful annunciation of that turn of the tide of success which terminated the Revolutionary War.” 12   (As a result of searching for the same sixth great grandmother’s birth date, I stumbled across the Campbell Papers at Duke University.  This collection includes letters and documents related to Virginia Governor David Campbell, my first cousin five times removed.  As I sifted among the family letters, I came across this very letter and held it in my hands.  I was thrilled to hold a letter written by Thomas Jefferson, and pleasantly shocked to boot!)
     After the battle, the militia men approached Campbell with grave concerns.  Some of the captured Loyalists were neighbors who had committed war-related atrocities against them back home.  They were concerned that if the prisoners escaped, these crimes against their families would continue.  A tribunal was called at Biggerstaff Farm, and thirty-two Loyalist prisoners were found guilty of crimes against patriot families.  Nine men were hung before Colonel Shelby called an end to the situation.13
     Many tales circulated of Campbell treating Tories with violence throughout wartime, and the proceedings at Biggerstaff Farm only added to the harsh reputation that he had earned among the Loyalists. As a result, he bore the nickname "The Bloody Tyrant of Washington County." 14
     Following the battle, the Over Mountain Men disassembled, and Campbell returned home to Virginia.  Apparently, trash talk is not a modern invention, and Cornwallis soon threatened to kill Campbell for hanging the Loyalist prisoners.  Campbell retorted that “… if the fortune of war would place Cornwallis in his power, he should meet the fate of Ferguson.” 15 However, Campbell's service was not finished.  In January of 1781, Nathanael Greene's unit was hotly pursued by Cornwallis as he ran for the safety of Virginia from North Carolina.  He could not engage Cornwallis alone, and called out desperately for help from, among others, Colonel William Campbell. However, Campbell could not raise the 1,000 mountain militia men that Greene hoped for.  Back home in Virginia, Campbell and his neighbors were defending against the Cherokee and local Loyalists, which led to recruitment problems.  As a result, he was only able to gather around sixty men.  But, gather men he did, and he joined up with Greene's camp and fought at Weitzel's Mill two days later.  Afterward, Campbell was assigned to the Corps of Observation with Light Horse Harry Lee and fought at the Battle of Guilford Courthouse in North Carolina.  Greene publicly praised Campbell after the battle, and wrote personally to Campbell to thank him for his services. He wrote:
Sir: Your faithful Services and the Exertions which you made to second the efforts of the Southern Arms, on the 15th inst. claims my warmest thanks. It would be ungenerous not to acknowledge my entire approbation of your conduct, and the spirited and manly behavior of the Officers and soldiers under you. Sensible of your merit, I feel a pleasure in doing justice to it."
Greene then concludes with:
"Most of the riflemen having gone home, and not having it in my power to make up another Command, you have my permission to return home to your friends; and should the Emergency of the Southern Operations require your further Exertions, I will advertise you." 16
     I include these praises because thirty years after Campbell's death, Colonel Isaac Shelby publicly accused him of cowardice at the Battle of Kings Mountain.  It was an accusation that many found tasteless because Campbell was not alive to defend himself.  There were many eyewitnesses called upon to give testimony either for or against Campbell, and it may very well be that nobody will ever know the complete truth.  However, I know that then Virginia Governor David Campbell believed wholeheartedly in his cousin's innocence, and even went so far as to solicit Thomas Jefferson’s account of Campbell's character. It appears from what I have read that he was a brave man, and I honestly have a hard time believing that he on this one occasion behaved any differently.   However, that is my opinion, and I obviously was not there.
     After delivering the prisoners to the proper authorities, Campbell once again returned home and regained his seat in the House of Delegates.  Shortly thereafter, General Lafayette called upon the House for help to protect Virginia.  Upon this request, Campbell was promoted to Brigadier General and sent to Lafayette's aid.  Campbell commanded the rifle corps under Lafayette at Yorktown, but died at his brother-in-law's home at the age of thirty-six of chest pains and fevers before witnessing Cornwallis' surrender.   General Lafayette himself said that Campbell's name would have “everlasting honor and ensure him a high rank among the defenders of liberty in the American Cause.”17
 
Genealogical Lesson Learned:  Do Not Neglect Your Cousins

    I learned a lot about my family tree (and history!) from researching William Campbell's life.  If I had not gone back and added Anne Campbell Roane's aunts and uncles and their children to my family tree, I would never have discovered his story and his ties to incredibly fascinating people.  When researching your family history, you are on a mission to search as far into the past as you can.  As such, the temptation is strong to ignore all but your direct ancestors; however, you will miss valuable family information if you do.  For instance, while researching the family papers of my first cousin five times removed (Virginia Governor David Campbell), I came across letters that discussed attending parties with and otherwise visiting my sixth great grandparents and my fifth great grandfather and his brother.  I also discovered letters from Thomas Jefferson that were sent as character references for William Campbell---letters that at the time, I did not know existed.  These letters written in my family members' own handwriting paint portraits of them as people rather than just names and dates on my family tree.  They are a treasure trove of family history that I cherish and consider myself fortunate to have copies of.  William and David may not be direct ancestors, but they are an important part of my family tree.  They have added depth and color to the overall information that I have collected and allow me to feel like I in some way know family members who existed over 200 years ago.  So...lesson learned.  Don't ignore the cousins.

Happy Hunting!
Catherine

My daughter, when we visited Kings Mountain many years ago, was not content to merely throw a rock on Ferguson's grave, as is the tradition.  She stood on it to keep him away.  I am sure William Campbell would have approved...

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1 Beakes, John. "The Service of Colonel William Campbell." Journal of the American Revolution (2014): n. page 18 June 2014. Web. 1 Aug. 2016. .  
2Kierner, Cynthia A., and Sandra Gioia. Treadway. Virginia Women: Their Lives and Times. Volume 1. Vol. 1. Athens: U of Georgia, 2015. Print.
 3 Beakes, John. "The Service of Colonel William Campbell." Journal of the American Revolution (2014): n. pag. 18 June 2014. Web. 1 Aug. 2016.
 4 Beakes, John. "The Service of Colonel William Campbell." Journal of the American Revolution (2014): n. pag. 18 June 2014. Web. 1 Aug. 2016.
 5 Hankla, Mel S. "Revolutionary War - Battle of Kings Mountain." Revolutionary War - Battle of Kings Mountain. Sons of Liberty Chapter: Sons of the American Revolution, 2005. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. .  
 6 Jones, Randell. "5.4 The Overmountain Men and the Battle of Kings Mountain." The Overmountain Men and the Battle of Kings Mountain. UNC School of Education, 2009. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. .  
 7 Hankla, Mel S. "Revolutionary War - Battle of Kings Mountain." Revolutionary War - Battle of Kings Mountain. Sons of Liberty Chapter: Sons of the American Revolution, 2005. Web. 10 Aug. 2016. .  
 8 Davis, Captain James. "October 7, 1780 Battle of King’s Mountain." Foundation Truths. Captain James Davis, n.d. Web. 10 Aug. 2016.  9 Dunkerly, Robert. The Battle of King's Mountain: Eyewitness Accounts. N.p. page 39: History, 2007. Print.
10 Davis, Captain James. "October 7, 1780 Battle of King’s Mountain." Foundation Truths. Captain James Davis, n.d. Web. 10 Aug. 2016.
11 Hammett, C. "The Battle of King's Mountain." The Battle of King's Mountain. TenGenNet, 2000. Web. 14 Aug. 2016. .
12 Letter from Thomas Jefferson to John Campbell, Campbell Family Papers, David M. Rubenstein Rare Book & Manuscript Library, Duke University. 

13 Draper, Lyman Copeland, Anthony Allaire, and Isaac Shelby. King's Mountain and Its Heroes: History of the Battle of King's Mountain, October 7th, 1780, and the Events Which Led to It. Cincinnati: P.G. Thomson, 1881. Print.
 14 Tillson, Albert H. Gentry and Common Folk: Political Culture on a Virginia Frontier, 1740-1789. Lexington, KY page 114: U of Kentucky, 1991. Print.
15 Beakes, John. "The Service of Colonel William Campbell." Journal of the American Revolution (2014): n. page 18 June 2014. Web. 1 Aug. 2016.
16 Beakes, John. "The Service of Colonel William Campbell." Journal of the American Revolution (2014): n. page 18 June 2014. Web. 1 Aug. 2016.

17 Beakes, John. "The Service of Colonel William Campbell." Journal of the American Revolution (2014): n. pag. 18 June 2014. Web. 1 Aug. 2016.

Monday, July 18, 2016

Diving into the Gene Pool

 


 It is 1976, and the country is alive with the Spirit of '76 celebrations and road trips to commemorate the founding fathers and the birth of our country. Conestoga wagon rides, log cabin tours and battle reenactments are on the average American family summer agenda. Imagine that you are six years old, and your mysterious Great Aunt Viv who you have only ever seen in ancient photographs suddenly pops into your life and whisks you, your mom, your toddler sister and your grandmother away on a month long trip in search of ancestors that stare out at you from paintings in libraries and towering statues.  You hear whispers of governors, senators, judges and revolutionary wars, founders of colleges for GIRLS (you are all about girl power!), and you get to ride a train.  Did I mention that you get to miss a month of school?  Well, you do---and you think it is cool.  So cool.
     This was my introduction to genealogy, and the coolness for me has never worn thin, although the amount of time I spent engaged in it or thinking about it has varied with my age and circumstances. The hardest thing for me to come to terms with over the years has been taking the bad with the good.  Yes, there were successful politicians in my mother's background, but there were also slaveholders and the legendary family ties to Andrew Jackson-- the President who led the Trail of Tears tragedy.  Over the years, I have been alternately proud and heart-broken over the decisions that my ancestors made---their successes were fantastic, but alternatively so were the tragic decisions that destroyed or in other ways hurt countless people. I understand the line that these were human beings living in different eras and that judging them from a modern perspective for their decisions can be unfair.  However, I value the person that defies accepted contemporary practices that actively hurt and damage whole groups of people.  I wish that they had stood firmly against what was wrong and attempted to change the world.  Sadly, for the most part, they didn't.  When I hear the stories of friends whose families descend from Native Americans or African Americans, it saddens me that some of my ancestors were participating in and in some cases actively leading situations that hurt families like theirs.  This summer, as I began my genealogy practice in full force, I discovered the blog of a gentleman who is descended from a female slave and my slave holding third cousin four times removed.  As I read his blog, I hoped beyond hope that this cousin loved her.  Maybe, I thought, he loved her but could not marry her because of the time period.  However, that idea had a ring of naivete that I recognized as it formed.  Did he force himself on her?  Did he rape her? Questions such as this have troubled me greatly.  She is heavily weighted in my heart, and always will be.  Ultimately, I have come to the conclusion that I am going to look at the good---which is that my wonderful cousin exists in this world, and I now have a connection with him.  His goal is to develop the largest database of family trees for families of former slaves, and he is succeeding.  Hopefully, one day soon he will have his own television show.  If you have a chance, check out Brian's blog  https://genealogyadventures.wordpress.com/.  It is informative and entertaining--- I enjoyed reading each new post even before I knew we were cousins!
    Our country is bleeding from wounds created so long ago.  How do we as a nation come to terms with our past and the pain that we all bear because of situations created so long ago?  Brian suggests that we understand that as Americans, we are all interrelated.  We are one.  Genealogy proves it.  Research your line, and you will see that if your family was here for as long as mine, hundreds of years, your genetic make up is a collection of the people who have settled here--- immigrants from around the world.  So... I am holding my breath and diving in to the gene pool.  Sometimes the water is dark and murky, but if you keep swimming, you will find a cool, refreshing pool on the other side.